📖 Types of cyber threats
- Malware and ransomware — malicious software that can disrupt or extort victims by locking access to data.
- Phishing — deceptive attempts to steal sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy source.
- Data breaches — unauthorised access to sensitive personal or organisational data.
- Critical infrastructure attacks — targeting power grids, financial systems, or government networks, with potentially severe real-world consequences.
🏛️ India's cyber security architecture
- CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) — the national nodal agency for responding to cyber security incidents.
- National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) — protects critical infrastructure sectors from cyber threats.
- Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) — coordinates action against cybercrime across states.
⚖️ Legal framework
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (amended in 2008) is India's principal law addressing cybercrime, covering offences like hacking, data theft, and cyber terrorism, alongside evolving data protection legislation like the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.
