Information Technology

📖 Emerging technologies

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) — systems designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, from pattern recognition to language processing; increasingly applied in healthcare diagnostics, agriculture, and governance in India.
• Internet of Things (IoT) — networks of interconnected physical devices that collect and exchange data, used in areas like smart agriculture, traffic management, and industrial monitoring.
• Cybersecurity — protecting digital systems, networks, and data from unauthorised access or attack; a growing concern as India's digital footprint expands rapidly.

🇮🇳 Digital India

Launched in 2015, the Digital India programme aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society, built around three pillars: digital infrastructure, digital services, and digital literacy. It underpins several widely used platforms — the UPI (Unified Payments Interface) for digital payments, Aadhaar for digital identity, and DigiLocker for digital document storage.

🔒 Data protection framework

India's data protection landscape was significantly strengthened with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, which lays down rules for how personal data can be collected, processed, and stored by organisations, alongside rights for individuals over their own data.