International Conventions

📖 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, the CBD has three main objectives: conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources. India's Biological Diversity Act, 2002, implements its obligations under the CBD.

🐘 CITES

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) regulates international trade in wildlife and wildlife products to ensure it doesn't threaten species survival, using an appendix system that ranks species by the level of protection required.

🦆 Ramsar Convention

An intergovernmental treaty for the conservation of wetlands, particularly those significant as habitat for waterbirds. Wetlands recognised under this convention are called "Ramsar Sites." India has a substantial and growing number of Ramsar Sites across the country.

🌍 The Paris Agreement

Adopted in 2015 under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement's central goal is to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, ideally to 1.5°C, through voluntary, country-specific commitments called Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

💡 Key Facts

The CBD was adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
CITES regulates international trade in endangered species using an appendix-based protection system.
Wetlands recognised under the Ramsar Convention are called 'Ramsar Sites.'
The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit warming to well below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C, via NDCs.

🔖 60-Second Revision

CBD (1992, Rio) — conservation + sustainable use + benefit-sharing.
CITES — regulates international wildlife trade via appendices.
Ramsar Convention — wetland conservation, 'Ramsar Sites.'
Paris Agreement (2015) — limit warming to <2°C (ideally 1.5°C), via NDCs.