India-Africa Relations

📌 Background & Key Features

Approach: Development partnership model — concessional Lines of Credit, capacity building (ITEC scholarships), and "no-strings, demand-driven" cooperation, explicitly contrasted with China’s debt-heavy BRI model in Africa.
Key sectors: Pharmaceuticals/vaccines, digital public infrastructure (UPI-style stacks), agriculture, and defence cooperation (India-Africa Defence Dialogue).
Strategic rationale: Africa’s 54 votes are critical for India’s UNSC reform push and other multilateral campaigns; the continent is also a growing market and source of critical minerals.

Key summit	India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) — last held 2015
2023 milestone	African Union admitted as permanent G20 member during India’s G20 Presidency

India championed the African Union’s admission as a permanent G20 member during its 2023 Presidency — continually cited as a flagship India-Africa/Global-South diplomacy achievement.
India-Africa digital partnership continues to expand, framed around "mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships" in recent UPSC-style commentary.

Key summit: India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) — last held 2015
2023 milestone: African Union admitted as permanent G20 member during India’s G20 Presidency

Year	Question	Marks
2025	India-Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate.	10