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G-20

Part of International Relations — International Organizations and Agreements. Common notes for UPSC Mains GS-II.

UPSC

📌 Background & Key Features

  • Mandate: Premier forum for international economic cooperation, representing ~85% of global GDP and 75% of world trade; brings together advanced and emerging economies (unlike the G7).
  • India’s Presidency legacy: Delhi Declaration (first G20 declaration with full consensus amid Russia-Ukraine tensions), African Union’s permanent membership, launch of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), Global Biofuels Alliance, and a strong Global South/inclusive-growth framing.

📋 Quick Facts

India’s Presidency1 Dec 2022 – 30 Nov 2023; theme: ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (One Earth, One Family, One Future)
Landmark outcomeAfrican Union admitted as a permanent G20 member (2023)

📰 Current Affairs Linkage (2025-26)

  • India continues to leverage its G20 Presidency legacy as a template for its 2026 BRICS Presidency, explicitly mirroring the "inclusivity and Global South" framing used in 2023.
  • The G20’s ability to maintain consensus amid ongoing geopolitical fragmentation (US tariffs, West Asia conflict, Russia-Ukraine) remains a live test of the forum’s continued relevance.

🔖 60-Second Revision

  • India’s Presidency: 1 Dec 2022 – 30 Nov 2023; theme: ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (One Earth, One Family, One Future)
  • Landmark outcome: African Union admitted as a permanent G20 member (2023)

📝 PYQs for Practice (Mains)

YearQuestionMarks
2020Q. ‘Too little of Bay of Bengal’s potential is realized today’ — unrelated; (use instead) Discuss the outcomes of India’s G20 Presidency and their significance for India’s global standing. (Mains Practice)15