Tribunals and Contempt of Court

Quick-reference summary — for full depth, see our detailed UPSC notes.

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📖 Quick summary

Article 323A (42nd Amdt, 1976) enabled the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) for service disputes; Article 323B covers other tribunals like the CGIT. L. Chandra Kumar (1997) preserved High Court review over tribunal orders. Contempt of court (Contempt of Courts Act, 1971) covers civil (disobedience) and criminal (scandalising the court) contempt.

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💡 Key Facts

Art 323A → CAT; Art 323B → other tribunals (CGIT, etc).
L. Chandra Kumar (1997) = tribunal orders reviewable by High Courts.
Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 = civil vs criminal contempt.

🔖 60-Second Revision

Tribunals under Art 323A/B took service/other disputes out of ordinary courts.
Contempt power protects judicial authority, not individual judges from fair criticism.